I’ve filed for 7 years straight and never owed a cent. Oddly, got a little back, 2 years straight. Might have been the covid money, which even more laughable as I didn’t set foot, much less work, in the US for the entirety of the pandemic. Single, no property or other taxable assets and no additional sources of income outside my monthly paycheck from my Euro employers. If I, me broke that $126k threshold, then I’d have to pay something. Getting there. Let’s see if the USA doesn’t collapse on itself first*

(* I hope not.)