From my experience and understanding there are generally two ways to ‘run’ a file.

Firstly, the output is an executable itself. Assuming the permissions are valid you can just do “. /yourFile” and it’ll just execute. If the file doesn’t have the proper permissions, just do “chmod +x ./yourFile” to allow execution.

Secondly, some executables require you to run them through a specific program. Such as Java or Python. If Java, it’d be something like “java ./yourFile.jar” If Python, it’d be something like “python ./yourFile.py”

Sometimes it requires extra flags like “-jar” or similar. You just gotta look it up at that point. ¯_(ツ)_/¯

In Kate, you can toggle the terminal through a shortcut for easy access.

Or alternatively, Molly